RAPPAPORT-VASSILIADIS Broth (RVS)

EMD Cat. No. 1.07700.0500
500 g


For the selective enrichment of Salmonella with the exception of S. typhi and S. paratyphi A from foodstuffs and other materials.

The medium complies with the recommendations of the APHA for the examination of foods and ISO Standard 6579 (1993).
This culture medium is a modification of the Salmonella Enrichment Broth acc. to RAPPAPORT (EMD Cat. No. 1.10236.0500) and was proposed by VASSILIADIS et al. (1976) who called it R 10 medium and later Rappaport-Vassiliadis Broth (RVS).. It displays a higher selectivity towards Salmonella and produces better yields than other comparable media, especially after preliminary enrichment and at an incubation temperature of
43 ° C (MAIJALA et al. 1992; VAN SCHOTHORST and RENAUD 1983; FRICKER et al. 1983; TONGPIM et al. 1984; PIETZSCH 1984; KALAPOTHAKI et al. 1982; VASSILIADIS 1983; VASSILIADIS et al. 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, JONAS et al. 1986 etc.). DE SMEDT et al. (1986) made a semi-solid RV medium by adding agar which they used for a faster Salmonella detection using mobility enrichment.


Additives


EMD Cat. No. Product Pack Size
1.07228.0500 Buffered Peptone Water 500 g



Mode of Action Preparation
Experimental Procedure and Evaluation Quality Control
Typical Composition (g/liter) Literature


Mode of Action
 The malachite green and magnesium chloride concentrations of the present culture medium are less than those of the Salmonella Enrichment Broth according to RAPPAPORT in order to improve the growth of Salmonella at 43 °C. Peptone from soymeal is also used for the same reason. Lowering pH to 5.2 increases selectivity.
 ALCAIDE et al. (1982) have reported that addition of novobiocin (40 mg/liter) enhances the inhibition of accompanying flora.
Preparation
 Suspend 41.8 g/liter, heat gently, if necessary dispense into test tubes, autoclave gently (15 min at 115 °C).
 pH: 5.2 ± 0.2 at 25 °C.
 The broth is clear and dark-blue.
 The prepared culture medium can be stored in the refrigerator for at least 7 months (VASSILIADIS et al. 1985).
Experimental Procedure and Evaluation
 Inoculate the culture medium with the sample or material from a pre-enriched culture (e.g. Peptone Water Buffered) and incubate for 24 hours at 43 °C. Streak material from the resulting cultures onto selective culture media.
Quality control

Test strains
 Inoculum
 		Growth after


24 hours
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
 		approx. 99 %
 		10 %
Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028
 		approx.    1 %
 		90 %

Typical Composition (g/liter)
 Peptone from soymeal 4.5; magnesium chloride hexahydrate 28.6; sodium chloride 7.2; di-potassium hydrogen phosphate 0.18; potassium di-hydrogen phosphate 1.26; malachite-green 0.036.
Literature

ALCAIDE, E.T., MARTINEZ, J.P., MARTINEZ-GERMEX, P., a. GARAY, E.: Improved Salmonella recovery from moderate to highly polluted waters. - J. Appl. Bact., 53; 143-146 (1982).
 FRICKER, C.R., GIRDWOOD, R.W.A., a. MONRO, D.: A comparison of enrichtment media for the isolation of salmonellae from seagull cloacal swabs. - J. Hg., 91; 53-58 (1983).
 KALAPOTHAKI, F., VASSILIADIS, P., MAVROMMATI, CH., a. TRICHOPOULOS, D.: Comparison of Rappaport-VASSILIADIS Enrichment Medium und Tetrathionate Brilliant Green Broth for Isolation of Salmonellae from Meat Products. - J. Food Protection, 46, 7; 618-621 (1982).
 MAIJALA, R.: JOHANSSON, T., HIRN, J.: Growth of Salmonella and competing flora in five commercial Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV)-media. - Intern. J. Food Microbiology, 17; 1-8 (1992).
 PIETZSCH, O.: Neue Aspekte des Anreicherungsverfahrens für Salmonellen. - 25. Arbeitstagung des Arbeitsgebietes "Lebensmittelhygiene" der DVG, Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1984).
 VAN SCHOTHORST, M., a. RENAUD, A.M.: Dynamics of salmonellae isolation with modified Rappaport's medium (R 10). - J. Appl. Bact., 54; 209-215 (1983).
 TONGPIM, S. BEUMER, R.R., TAMMINGA, S.K., a. KAMPELMACHER, E.H.: Comparison of modified Rappaport's medium (RV) and Muller-Kauffmann medium (MK-iso) for the detection of Salmonella in meat products. - Int. J. Food Microbiol., 1; 33-42 (1984)
 VASSILIADIS, P.: The Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) enrichment medium for the isolation of salmonellas: An overview. _ J. Appl. Bact., 54; 69-76 (1983).
 VASSILIADIS, P., KALAPOTHAKI, V., MAVROMMATI, CH., a. TRICHOPOULOS, D.: A comparison of the original Rappaport medium (R medium) and the Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (RV medium) in the isolation of salmonellae from meat products.- J. Hyg. Comb., 93; 51-58 (1984).
 VASSILIADIS, P., KALAPOTHAKI, V., TRICHOPOULOS, D. MAVROMMATI, CH., a. SERIE, C.: Improved Isolation of Salmonellae from Naturally Contaminated Meat Products by Using Rappaport-Vassiliadis Enrichment Broth. - Appl. Environm. Microbiol., 42, 4; 615-618 (1981).
 VASSILIADIS, P., MAVROMMATI, CH., EFSTRATIOU, M., a. CHROMAS, G.: A note on the stability of Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichtment medium. - J. Appl. Bact., 59; 143-145 (1985).
 VASSILIADIS, P., PALLANDIOU, E., PAPOUTSAKIS, G., TRICHOPOULOS, D., a. PAPADAKIS, J.: Essai des Milieux de Rappaport Modifiés ŕ pH plus Elévé, dans la Multiplication des Salmonelles. - Arch. de l'inst. Pasteur Hellenique (1977).
 VASSILIADIS, P., PATERAKI, E., PAPAICONOMOU, N., PAPADAKIS, J.A., a. TRICHOPOULOS, D.: Nouveau procédé d'enrichissement de Salmonell. - Ann. Microbiol. (Inst. Pasteur), 127 B; 195-100 (1976).
 VASSILIADIS, P., TRICHOPOULOS, D., PAPADAKIS, J., KALAPOTHAKI, V., ZAVITSANOS, X., a. SERIE, CH.: Salmonella Isolation with Rappaport's Enrichment Medium of Different Compositions. - Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. I. Abt. Orig. B, 173; 382-389 (1981)
 VASSILIADIS, P.; TRICHOPOULOS, D., PATERAKI, E., a. PAPAICONOMOU, N.: Isolation of Salmonella from minced meat by the use of a new procedure of enrichment. - Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. I. Abt. Orig. B, 166; 81-86 (1978).




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